编译选项

https://www.typescriptlang.org/tsconfig

TypeScript 提供了非常多的编译选项，这一章会详细介绍每一个选项的作用，并给出对应的示例。

索引（点击选项跳转到详细介绍）：

选项	类型	默认值	描述
allowJs	boolean	false	允许编译 js 文件
allowSyntheticDefaultImports	boolean	false	允许对不包含默认导出的模块使用默认导入。这个选项不会影响生成的代码，只会影响类型检查。

allowJs

允许编译 js 文件。

设置为 true 时，js 文件会被 tsc 编译，否则不会。一般在项目中 js, ts 混合开发时需要设置。

查看示例

# 设置为 true 时，编译后的文件包含 foo.js
├── lib
│   ├── foo.js
│   └── index.js
├── src
│   ├── foo.js
│   └── index.ts
├── package.json
└── tsconfig.json

# 设置为 false 时，编译后的文件不包含 foo.js
├── lib
│   └── index.js
├── src
│   ├── foo.js
│   └── index.ts
├── package.json
└── tsconfig.json

allowSyntheticDefaultImports

允许对不包含默认导出的模块使用默认导入。这个选项不会影响生成的代码，只会影响类型检查。

export = foo 是 ts 为了兼容 commonjs 创造的语法，它对应于 commonjs 中的 module.exports = foo。

在 ts 中，如果要引入一个通过 export = foo 导出的模块，标准的语法是 import foo = require('foo')，或者 import * as foo from 'foo'。

但由于历史原因，我们已经习惯了使用 import foo from 'foo'。

这个选项就是为了解决这个问题。当它设置为 true 时，允许使用 import foo from 'foo' 来导入一个通过 export = foo 导出的模块。当它设置为 false 时，则不允许，会报错。

当然，我们一般不会在 ts 文件中使用 export = foo 来导出模块，而是在写（符合 commonjs 规范的）第三方库的声明文件时，才会用到 export = foo 来导出类型。

比如 React 的声明文件中，就是通过 export = React 来导出类型：

export = React;
export as namespace React;

declare namespace React {
    // 声明 React 的类型
}

此时若我们通过 import React from 'react' 来导入 react 则会报错，查看示例 ：

import React from 'react';
// Module '"typescript-tutorial/examples/compiler-options/02-allowSyntheticDefaultImports/false/node_modules/@types/react/index"' can only be default-imported using the 'esModuleInterop' flagts(1259)

解决办法就是将 allowSyntheticDefaultImports 设置为 true。

完整配置

Details

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        /* Visit https://aka.ms/tsconfig.json to read more about this file */

        /* Projects */
        // "incremental": true,                              /* Enable incremental compilation */
        // "composite": true,                                /* Enable constraints that allow a TypeScript project to be used with project references. */
        // "tsBuildInfoFile": "./",                          /* Specify the folder for .tsbuildinfo incremental compilation files. */
        // "disableSourceOfProjectReferenceRedirect": true,  /* Disable preferring source files instead of declaration files when referencing composite projects */
        // "disableSolutionSearching": true,                 /* Opt a project out of multi-project reference checking when editing. */
        // "disableReferencedProjectLoad": true,             /* Reduce the number of projects loaded automatically by TypeScript. */
        /* Language and Environment */
        "target": "es6",
        /* Set the JavaScript language version for emitted JavaScript and include compatible library declarations. */
        "lib": [
            "WebWorker",
            "es6",
            "dom",
            "DOM",
            "DOM.Iterable"
        ],
        /* Specify a set of bundled library declaration files that describe the target runtime environment. */
        // "jsx": "preserve",                                /* Specify what JSX code is generated. */
        // "experimentalDecorators": true,                   /* Enable experimental support for TC39 stage 2 draft decorators. */
        // "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,                    /* Emit design-type metadata for decorated declarations in source files. */
        // "jsxFactory": "",                                 /* Specify the JSX factory function used when targeting React JSX emit, e.g. 'React.createElement' or 'h' */
        // "jsxFragmentFactory": "",                         /* Specify the JSX Fragment reference used for fragments when targeting React JSX emit e.g. 'React.Fragment' or 'Fragment'. */
        // "jsxImportSource": "",                            /* Specify module specifier used to import the JSX factory functions when using `jsx: react-jsx*`.` */
        // "reactNamespace": "",                             /* Specify the object invoked for `createElement`. This only applies when targeting `react` JSX emit. */
        // "noLib": true,                                    /* Disable including any library files, including the default lib.d.ts. */
        // "useDefineForClassFields": true,                  /* Emit ECMAScript-standard-compliant class fields. */

        /* Modules */
        "module": "commonjs",
        /* Specify what module code is generated. */
        // "rootDir": "./",                                  /* Specify the root folder within your source files. */
        "moduleResolution": "node",                       /* Specify how TypeScript looks up a file from a given module specifier. */
        // "baseUrl": "./",                                  /* Specify the base directory to resolve non-relative module names. */
        // "paths": {},                                      /* Specify a set of entries that re-map imports to additional lookup locations. */
        // "rootDirs": [],                                   /* Allow multiple folders to be treated as one when resolving modules. */
        // "typeRoots": [],                                  /* Specify multiple folders that act like `./node_modules/@types`. */
        // "types": [],                                      /* Specify type package names to be included without being referenced in a source file. */
        // "allowUmdGlobalAccess": true,                     /* Allow accessing UMD globals from modules. */
        "resolveJsonModule": true,                        /* Enable importing .json files */
        // "noResolve": true,                                /* Disallow `import`s, `require`s or `<reference>`s from expanding the number of files TypeScript should add to a project. */

        /* JavaScript Support */
        // "allowJs": true,                                  /* Allow JavaScript files to be a part of your program. Use the `checkJS` option to get errors from these files. */
        // "checkJs": true,                                  /* Enable error reporting in type-checked JavaScript files. */
        // "maxNodeModuleJsDepth": 1,                        /* Specify the maximum folder depth used for checking JavaScript files from `node_modules`. Only applicable with `allowJs`. */

        /* Emit */
        // "declaration": true,                              /* Generate .d.ts files from TypeScript and JavaScript files in your project. */
        // "declarationMap": true,                           /* Create sourcemaps for d.ts files. */
        // "emitDeclarationOnly": true,                      /* Only output d.ts files and not JavaScript files. */
        // "sourceMap": true,                                /* Create source map files for emitted JavaScript files. */
        // "outFile": "./",                                  /* Specify a file that bundles all outputs into one JavaScript file. If `declaration` is true, also designates a file that bundles all .d.ts output. */
        "outDir": "./dist",
        /* Specify an output folder for all emitted files. */
        "removeComments": true,                           /* Disable emitting comments. */
        // "noEmit": true,                                   /* Disable emitting files from a compilation. */
        // "importHelpers": true,                            /* Allow importing helper functions from tslib once per project, instead of including them per-file. */
        // "importsNotUsedAsValues": "remove",               /* Specify emit/checking behavior for imports that are only used for types */
        // "downlevelIteration": true,                       /* Emit more compliant, but verbose and less performant JavaScript for iteration. */
        // "sourceRoot": "",                                 /* Specify the root path for debuggers to find the reference source code. */
        // "mapRoot": "",                                    /* Specify the location where debugger should locate map files instead of generated locations. */
        // "inlineSourceMap": true,                          /* Include sourcemap files inside the emitted JavaScript. */
        // "inlineSources": true,                            /* Include source code in the sourcemaps inside the emitted JavaScript. */
        // "emitBOM": true,                                  /* Emit a UTF-8 Byte Order Mark (BOM) in the beginning of output files. */
        // "newLine": "crlf",                                /* Set the newline character for emitting files. */
        // "stripInternal": true,                            /* Disable emitting declarations that have `@internal` in their JSDoc comments. */
        // "noEmitHelpers": true,                            /* Disable generating custom helper functions like `__extends` in compiled output. */
        // "noEmitOnError": true,                            /* Disable emitting files if any type checking errors are reported. */
        // "preserveConstEnums": true,                       /* Disable erasing `const enum` declarations in generated code. */
        // "declarationDir": "./",                           /* Specify the output directory for generated declaration files. */
        // "preserveValueImports": true,                     /* Preserve unused imported values in the JavaScript output that would otherwise be removed. */

        /* Interop Constraints */
        // "isolatedModules": true,                          /* Ensure that each file can be safely transpiled without relying on other imports. */
        "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,             /* Allow 'import x from y' when a module doesn't have a default export. */
        "esModuleInterop": true,
        /* Emit additional JavaScript to ease support for importing CommonJS modules. This enables `allowSyntheticDefaultImports` for type compatibility. */
        // "preserveSymlinks": true,                         /* Disable resolving symlinks to their realpath. This correlates to the same flag in node. */
        "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
        /* Ensure that casing is correct in imports. */

        /* Type Checking */
        "strict": true,
        /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */
        "noImplicitAny": false,                            /* Enable error reporting for expressions and declarations with an implied `any` type.. */
        // "strictNullChecks": true,                         /* When type checking, take into account `null` and `undefined`. */
        // "strictFunctionTypes": true,                      /* When assigning functions, check to ensure parameters and the return values are subtype-compatible. */
        // "strictBindCallApply": true,                      /* Check that the arguments for `bind`, `call`, and `apply` methods match the original function. */
        // "strictPropertyInitialization": true,             /* Check for class properties that are declared but not set in the constructor. */
        // "noImplicitThis": true,                           /* Enable error reporting when `this` is given the type `any`. */
        // "useUnknownInCatchVariables": true,               /* Type catch clause variables as 'unknown' instead of 'any'. */
        "alwaysStrict": true,
        /* Ensure 'use strict' is always emitted. */
        // "noUnusedLocals": true,                           /* Enable error reporting when a local variables aren't read. */
        // "noUnusedParameters": true,                       /* Raise an error when a function parameter isn't read */
        // "exactOptionalPropertyTypes": true,               /* Interpret optional property types as written, rather than adding 'undefined'. */
        // "noImplicitReturns": true,                        /* Enable error reporting for codepaths that do not explicitly return in a function. */
        // "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,               /* Enable error reporting for fallthrough cases in switch statements. */
        // "noUncheckedIndexedAccess": true,                 /* Include 'undefined' in index signature results */
        // "noImplicitOverride": true,                       /* Ensure overriding members in derived classes are marked with an override modifier. */
        // "noPropertyAccessFromIndexSignature": true,       /* Enforces using indexed accessors for keys declared using an indexed type */
        // "allowUnusedLabels": true,                        /* Disable error reporting for unused labels. */
        // "allowUnreachableCode": true,                     /* Disable error reporting for unreachable code. */

        /* Completeness */
        // "skipDefaultLibCheck": true,                      /* Skip type checking .d.ts files that are included with TypeScript. */
        "skipLibCheck": true
        /* Skip type checking all .d.ts files. */
    },
    "ts-node": {
        "preferTsExts": true,
        "transpileOnly": true
    },
    "include": [
        "src/**/*"
    ],
    "exclude": [
        "node_modules"
    ]
}